Metoprolol tartrate

Metoprolol tartrate
(Beta-Blockers)

Dosage form	Brand	Strength
Immediate release tablet	Metprolol®	100 mg

Indication : Angina pectoris, HTN, hemodynamically stable acute MI.

Mechanism of action : Block the agonistic effect of the sympathetic neurotransmitters by competing for receptor binding sites.

Pregnancy Category C(1^st trimester), D(2^nd&3^rd trimester)

Contraindication : Severe sinus bradycadia, significant 1^st-degree heart block.

Precaution : Do not w/draw therapy abruptly but gradually taper 1-2 wk to avoid acute tachycardia, ischemia

Drug Interaction : Increased risk of myocardial depression w/verapamil, diliazem&class I antiarrhythmics.

Side Effect : Hypotention, bradycardia, 1^st-degree heart block; dizziness, fatigue, depression, pruritus, rash.

Monitoring parameters : Blood cell counts and Blood glucose concentrations(for diabetic patients)

Usual Dose : Oral. 100 to 400 mg administered once a day for maintenance of established dosage requirements.

Patient Education : Pt may not experience symtoms of hypertention; importance of taking medication only as directed and keeping appointments with physican. even if feeling well

Missed Dose : Takeing as soon as possible; not takeing at all if within 4 hpurs of next scheduled dose; not doubling doses

Auxiliary labels  : Do not take other medicine without your doctor’s advice

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Metoprolol_structure.svg/220px-Metoprolol_structure.svg.png

Mefenamic acid

Mefenamic acid
(Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

                                                                                                                

Dosage form	Brand	Strength
Capsules	Ponstel®	250 mg

Indication : Pain and Dysmenorrhea

Mechanism of action : inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 and reduces the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. It also acts as an antagonist at prostaglandin receptor sites. It has analgesic and antipyretic properties with minor anti-inflammatory activity

Pregnancy Category C

Contraindication : Inflammatory bowel disease; peptic ulcer; neonates; pregnancy (3rd trimester), lactation. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, severe renal impairment, severe heart failure.

Precaution : Cardiovascular effects, GI effects, Hematologic effects, Renal and hepatic impairment

Drug Interaction : Protein-bound Drugs, Anticoagulants and Thrombolytic Agent can be higher risk of GI bleeding. Antacids .ACE inhibitor effects may be antagonized.

Side Effect : Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, GI ulcers; edema; bronchospasm; headache, drowsiness, insomnia, visual disturbances; CHF, hypertension, tachycardia, syncope; urticaria, rash; thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis; tinnitus; elevated liver enzymes; abnormal renal function.

Monitoring parameters : BUN, Potassium concentration, Creatinine concentration, Hematologic.

Usual Dose : Adult: PO 250-500 mg 3 times/day.

Patient Education : Not taking longer than 7 days at a time unless otherwise directed by physician.

Missed Dose : Taking ASA remembered if within 12 hrs of schedule dose; not taking if remembered later; not doubling dose.

Auxiliary labels  : Taking with food. Taking with a full glass of water. May cause drowsiness. Avoid alcoholic beverage.

                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                         http://www.pharmacopeia.cn/v29240/images/v29240/g-509.gif

 

Itraconazole

Itraconazole
(Antifungals)

Dosage form	Brand	Strength
Capsule	Itra® Spornar® Itracon® Norspor®	100 mg

Indication : Tx of susceptible fungal infections including blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis and onychomycosis

Mechanism of action : Interferes with cytochrome P450 activity, decreasing ergosterol synthesis and inhibiting cell membrane formation.

Pregnancy Category C

Contraindication : Hypersensitivity to itraconazole.

Precaution  : Patients allergic to one azole antifungal agent.

Drug Interaction : astemizole, cisapride and terfenadine

Side Effect : gastrointestinal, nausea, diarrhea

Monitoring parameters : Liver function in patients with  pre-existing hepatic dysfunction.

Usual Dose : 100-400 mg/day; doses > 200 mg/day are given 2 divided dose.

Patient Education : checking with physician if no improvement within a few days, avoiding intake of alcoholic beverage, antacid

Missed Dose : Taking as soon as possible; not doubling doses; not taking if almost time for next dose.

Auxiliary labels  : Take with food. Continue medicine for full time of treatment.

Levofloxacin

Levofloxacin

 (Antimycobacterial Drugs:Quinolones)

Dosage form	Brand	Strength
Tablet, Vial(solution)	Cravit®, Lefloxin®, Levocin®, Levox®, Loxof®, Olfovel®	100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 250 mg/50 ml, 500 mg/100 ml, 750 mg/150 ml

Indication : Tx of community-acquired pneumonia, including multidrug resistant strains of S.pneumoniae (MDRSP); nosocomial pneumonia; chronic bronchitis (acute bacterial exacerbation); acute bacterial sinusitis; prostatitis, urinary tract infection (uncomplicated or complicated)

Mechanism of action : inhibits DNA gyrase in susceptible organisms thereby inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase ll), is an essential bacterial enzyme that maintains the superhelical structure of DNA and is required for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition.

Pregnancy Category C

Contraindication : hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, any component of the formulation, or other quinolones

Precaution : there have been reports of tendon inflammation and/or rupture with quinolone antibiotics; risk maybe increased with concurrent corticosteroids, organ transplant recipients, and in patients > 60 years of age. DM

Drug Interaction : use of levofloxacin with drugs that alter blood-glucose concentrations increases the risk of blood-glucose disturbances. Levofloxacin does not appear to interact significantly with theophylline or ciclosporin.

Side Effect : Oral/IV: Nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, headache, insomnia, inj site reactions (IV). Ophthalmic: Transient decrease in vision, ocular burning, ocular pain or discomfort, foreign body sensation, headache, fever, pharyngitis, photophobia.

Monitoring parameters : evaluation of organ system function (renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic) is recommended periodically during therapy; the possibility of crystalluria should be assessed; WBC and sigs of infection

Usual Dose : adult: oral, I.V.: 250-500 mg every 24 hours;  severe or complicated infections: 750 mg every 24 hours

Auxiliary labels  : Take with a full glass of water May cause dizziness, drowsiness, or lightheadedness. Avoid too much sun exposure or use of sunlamp. Continue medicine for full time of treatment.